Intsinga ya voltage yo hagati ifite voltage iri hagati ya 6 kV na 33kV.Byinshi mubyakozwe mubice byo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza kubikorwa byinshi nkibikorwa remezo, peteroli, ubwikorezi, gutunganya amazi mabi, gutunganya ibiribwa, amasoko yubucuruzi ninganda.
Muri rusange, zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ifite voltage igera kuri 36kV kandi ikagira uruhare runini mu kubyara amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro.
01.Sandard
Hamwe niterambere ryisi yose ikenera insinga za voltage ziciriritse, guhuza ibipimo byinganda biragenda biba ngombwa.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi kubikoresho bya voltage yo hagati ni:
- IEC 60502-2: Intsinga zikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi aciriritse ku isi, hamwe na voltage yagereranijwe kugera kuri kV 36, intera nini yo gushushanya no kugerageza, harimo insinga imwe nini hamwe ninsinga nyinshi;insinga zintwaro ninsinga zidafite intwaro, ubwoko bubiri Intwaro "umukandara ninsinga" zirimo.
- IEC / EN 60754: yagenewe gusuzuma ibiri muri gaze ya acide ya halogene, kandi igamije kumenya imyuka ya aside irekurwa mugihe insulasiyo, gukata, nibindi bikoresho birimo umuriro.
- IEC / EN 60332: Gupima ikwirakwizwa rya flame muburebure bwa kabili mugihe habaye umuriro.
- IEC / EN 61034: yerekana ikizamini cyo kumenya ubwinshi bwumwotsi winsinga zaka mugihe cyagenwe.
- BS 6622: Gupfundika insinga za voltage zagabanijwe kugeza kuri kV 36.Irimo igipimo cyo gushushanya no kugerageza, harimo intangiriro imwe ninsinga nyinshi;intwaro gusa, insinga zintwaro gusa hamwe ninsinga za PVC.
- BS 7835: Gupfundika insinga za voltage zagenwe kugeza kuri kV 36.Irimo igipimo cyo gushushanya no kugerageza, harimo insinga imwe, insinga nyinshi, insinga zintwaro gusa, ibirwanisho gusa, insinga nkeya ya halogene.
- BS 7870: ni uruhererekane rw'ibipimo by'ingenzi ku nsinga ntoya kandi ziciriritse za polymer zikoresha insinga zikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi n’amasosiyete akwirakwiza.
02. Imiterere n'ibikoresho
Umugozi wa voltage yo hagatiibishushanyo birashobora kuza mubunini n'ubwoko butandukanye.Imiterere iragoye cyane kuruta iy'insinga nke za voltage.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yinsinga za voltage ziciriritse ninsinga za voltage nkeya ntabwo aruburyo insinga zubatswe gusa, ahubwo no mubikorwa byo gukora nibikoresho fatizo.
Mu nsinga za voltage ziciriritse, inzira yo kuyitandukanya iratandukanye cyane niy'umugozi muto wa voltage, mubyukuri:
- Umuyoboro wa voltage uringaniye ugizwe nibice bitatu aho kuba urwego rumwe: imiyoboro ikingira ikingira, ibikoresho bikingira, bikingira ikingira.
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- Nubwo insulasiyo ifite izina rimwe na kabili ya voltage ntoya (urugero XLPE), ibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo biratandukanye kugirango habeho gukingirwa neza.Ibara ryibara ryibikoresho bito bito bito byemewe ntibishobora kumenyekana.
- Ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubaka insinga za voltage ziciriritse kubikoresho bito bito byeguriwe porogaramu zihariye.
03. Ikizamini
Ibicuruzwa byaciriritse biciriritse bisaba ibizamini byubwoko bwimbitse kugirango bisuzume ibice byose hamwe numuyoboro wose ukurikije ibipimo byemewe byibicuruzwa.Intsinga ya voltage yo hagati irageragezwa kubwaboibikorwa by'amashanyarazi, ubukanishi, ibikoresho, imiti n'umuriro.
Amashanyarazi
Ikizamini cyo Gusohora Igice - Yashizweho kugirango hamenyekane ahari, ubunini, no kugenzura niba ubunini bw'isohoka burenze agaciro kagenwe kuri voltage yihariye.
Ikizamini cyamagare yubushyuhe - Yashizweho kugirango asuzume uburyo igicuruzwa cyakiriye ihinduka ryubushyuhe burigihe muri serivisi.
Impulse ya Voltage Ikizamini - yagenewe gusuzuma niba igicuruzwa gishobora kwihanganira inkuba.
Ikizamini cya Voltage Amasaha 4 - Kurikiza urukurikirane rwibizamini hejuru kugirango wemeze ubunyangamugayo bwamashanyarazi.
Umukanishi
Kugerageza kugabanuka - byashizweho kugirango ubone ubushishozi mubikorwa bifatika, cyangwa ingaruka kubindi bice byubaka insinga.
Ikizamini cya Abrasion - Amahembe yoroheje yicyuma yapakiwe nkibisanzwe hanyuma akururwa mu buryo butambitse kuruhande rwumugozi muburyo bubiri butandukanye kugera kuri 600mm.
Gushyushya Ikizamini - Yashizweho kugirango asuzume niba hari guhuza bihagije mubikoresho.
Imiti
Imyuka yangiza na Acide - Yashizweho kugirango ipime imyuka irekuwe nkuko insinga za kabili zaka, kwigana umuriro, no gusuzuma ibice byose bitari ubutare.
Umuriro
Ikizamini cya Flame Ikwirakwizwa - Yashizweho kugirango isuzume kandi yumve imikorere ya kabili mugupima ikwirakwizwa rya flame binyuze muburebure bwa kabili.
Ikizamini cyo Kwangiza Umwotsi - Yashizweho kugirango harebwe niba umwotsi wakozwe udatuma urwego rwohereza urumuri ruto ugereranije nagaciro kateganijwe.
04.Imikorere idasanzwe
Intsinga zidafite ubuziranenge zongera igipimo cyo kunanirwa kandi zigashyira ingufu z'umukoresha wa nyuma mu kaga.
Impamvu nyamukuru zibitera ni gusaza imburagihe ibikorwa remezo bya kabili, ishingiro ridafite ishingiro ryingingo cyangwa sisitemu yo guhagarika insinga, bigatuma kugabanuka kwizerwa cyangwa gukora neza.
Kurugero, kurekura ingufu zogusohora igice nigice kibanziriza kunanirwa, kuko gitanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko umugozi utangiye kwangirika, bikazana kunanirwa no gutsindwa, bikurikirwa n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Gusaza kwinsinga bitangirana no kwanduza insinga mugabanya kurwanya amashanyarazi, nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana inenge zirimo ubushuhe cyangwa umufuka wikirere, ibiti byamazi, ibiti byamashanyarazi, nibindi bibazo.Byongeye kandi, ibice byacitsemo ibice birashobora guterwa no gusaza, bikongera ibyago byo kwitwara cyangwa kwangirika, bishobora gutera ibibazo nyuma muri serivisi.
Guhitamo umugozi wo murwego rwohejuru wageragejwe neza wongerera ubuzima, uteganya kubungabunga cyangwa gusimbuza intera, kandi ukirinda guhagarika bitari ngombwa.
05.Wandika ibizamini no kwemeza ibicuruzwa
Gupima ifishi ni ingirakamaro kuko yemeza ko icyitegererezo cyumugozi cyujuje ubuziranenge mugihe runaka.
Kwemeza ibicuruzwa bya BASEC bikubiyemo kugenzura gukomeye kwishami binyuze mubugenzuzi busanzwe bwibikorwa, sisitemu yo gucunga no gupima insinga zikomeye.
Muri gahunda yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa, ingero nyinshi zirageragezwa bitewe numuyoboro cyangwa urwego rusuzumwa.
Uburyo bukomeye cyane bwo kwemeza BASEC bwizeza umukoresha wa nyuma ko insinga zakozwe mubipimo byemewe byinganda, bikozwe kurwego rwo hejuru kandi biri mubikorwa bikomeza, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gutsindwa.
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Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023
