Intsinga ya Photovoltaque niyo shingiro ryo gushyigikira ibikoresho byamashanyarazi muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque.Ingano yinsinga zikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irenze iya sisitemu rusange yo kubyara amashanyarazi, kandi nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu yose.
Nubwo insinga zifotora DC na AC zingana na 2-3% byikiguzi cya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, uburambe nyabwo bwerekanye ko gukoresha insinga zitari zo bishobora gutera umurongo ukabije mumushinga, umutekano muke, nibindi bintu bigabanya umushinga ugaruka.
Kubwibyo, guhitamo insinga ziboneye birashobora kugabanya neza igipimo cyimpanuka zumushinga, kuzamura itangwa ryamashanyarazi, no koroshya kubaka, gukora no kubungabunga.
Ubwoko bw'insinga za Photovoltaque
Ukurikije sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, insinga zirashobora kugabanywamo insinga za DC ninsinga za AC.Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye n’ibidukikije, bashyizwe mu buryo bukurikira:
Umugozi wa DC ukoreshwa cyane kuri:
Guhuza urukurikirane hagati yibigize;
Ihuza rifitanye isano hagati yumurongo no hagati yumurongo na DC yo gukwirakwiza udusanduku (udusanduku twa kombineri);
Hagati ya DC yo gukwirakwiza agasanduku na inverter.
Umugozi wa AC ukoreshwa cyane kuri:
Guhuza hagati ya inverters na intambwe-yo guhindura ibintu;
Guhuza hagati yintambwe-nini yo guhindura no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho;
Guhuza ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza na gride ya power cyangwa abakoresha.
Ibisabwa ku nsinga zifotora
Intsinga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi make ya DC igice cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba amashanyarazi afite ibyangombwa bitandukanye kugirango uhuze ibice bitandukanye bitewe nibidukikije bitandukanye nibisabwa tekiniki.Ibintu rusange bigomba kwitabwaho ni: imikorere yimikorere ya insinga, imikorere yubushyuhe na flame retardant, imikorere irwanya gusaza hamwe nibisobanuro bya diameter.Intsinga ya DC ahanini ishyirwa hanze kandi igomba kuba idafite ubushyuhe, izuba, izuba ridakonje, hamwe na UV.Kubwibyo, insinga za DC muri sisitemu zagabanijwe zifotora muri rusange zihitamo amashanyarazi yihariye yemewe.Ubu bwoko bwo guhuza insinga bukoresha ibyatsi bibiri-byokwirinda, bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya UV, amazi, ozone, aside, nisuri yumunyu, ubushobozi bwikirere bwiza kandi bukananirwa kwambara.Urebye umuhuza wa DC hamwe nibisohoka muri moderi ya fotokoltaque, insinga za DC zikoreshwa cyane ni PV1-F1 * 4mm2, PV1-F1 * 6mm2, nibindi.
Umugozi wa AC ukoreshwa cyane cyane kuva AC kuruhande rwa inverter kugeza kumasanduku ya AC ikomatanya cyangwa kabili ya AC ihuza imiyoboro.Ku nsinga za AC zashyizwe hanze, ubushuhe, izuba, ubukonje, kurinda UV, hamwe no gushyira intera ndende bigomba kwitabwaho.Mubisanzwe, insinga za YJV zikoreshwa;kuri insinga za AC zashyizwe mumazu, kurinda umuriro nimbeba no kurinda ibimonyo bigomba kwitabwaho.
Guhitamo ibikoresho
Umugozi wa DC ukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumuriro wamashanyarazi ukoreshwa cyane mumirimo yo hanze yigihe kirekire.Bitewe nubushobozi bwimiterere yubwubatsi, abahuza bakoreshwa cyane muguhuza insinga.Ibikoresho byabayobora birashobora kugabanywamo umuringa hamwe na aluminiyumu.
Intsinga z'umuringa zifite ubushobozi bwa antioxydeant kurusha aluminium, kuramba, gutuza neza, kugabanuka kwa voltage no gutakaza ingufu nke.Mu bwubatsi, ingirangingo z'umuringa ziroroshye guhinduka kandi zemewe kugoreka radiyo ni nto, biroroshye rero guhindukira no kunyura mu miyoboro.Byongeye kandi, umuringa wumuringa urwanya umunaniro kandi ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka nyuma yo kunama inshuro nyinshi, bityo insinga ziroroshye.Muri icyo gihe, intoki z'umuringa zifite imbaraga zo gukanika kandi zirashobora kwihanganira impagarara nini nini, izana ubwubatsi bukomeye no kubaka, kandi ikanatanga uburyo bwo kubaka imashini.
Ibinyuranye na byo, kubera imiti ya aluminiyumu, insinga za aluminiyumu zikunda kwibasirwa na okiside (reaction ya electrochemical reaction) mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho, cyane cyane inyanja, ishobora gukurura byoroshye.
Kubwibyo, nubwo ikiguzi cyinsinga za aluminiyumu ari gito, kubwumutekano wumushinga no gukora igihe kirekire, Rabbit Jun arasaba ko hakoreshwa insinga zumuringa mumishinga ifotora.
Kubara guhitamo amashanyarazi ya fotora
Ikigereranyo cyubu
Agace kambukiranya insinga za DC mubice bitandukanye bya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque bigenwa hakurikijwe amahame akurikira: Intsinga ihuza imiyoboro ya selile yizuba, insinga zihuza hagati ya bateri, hamwe ninsinga zihuza imitwaro ya AC muri rusange byatoranijwe hamwe nu rutonde ikigezweho inshuro 1.25 ntarengwa ikomeza gukora ya buri cyuma;
insinga zihuza hagati yizuba ryimirasire yizuba hamwe nimirongo, hamwe ninsinga zihuza hagati ya bateri (amatsinda) na inverter muri rusange byatoranijwe hamwe numuyoboro ugereranije wikubye inshuro 1.5 ntarengwa ikomeza gukora ya buri cyuma.
Kugeza ubu, guhitamo insinga zambukiranya igice ahanini bishingiye ku isano iri hagati ya diameter ya kabili nubu, kandi ingaruka zubushyuhe bwibidukikije, gutakaza ingufu za voltage, hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyira kubushobozi bwo gutwara insinga akenshi birengagizwa.
Muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibidukikije, ubushobozi bwo gutwara umugozi, kandi birasabwa ko diameter ya wire igomba guhitamo hejuru mugihe ikigezweho cyegereye agaciro.
Gukoresha nabi insinga ntoya ya diametre ya fotovoltaque yateje umuriro nyuma yumuvuduko urenze
Gutakaza amashanyarazi
Igihombo cya voltage muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora kurangwa nka: gutakaza voltage = ikigezweho * uburebure bwa kabili * ibintu bya voltage.Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kuri formula ko igihombo cya voltage kijyanye nuburebure bwa kabili.
Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gushakisha kurubuga, ihame ryo kugumisha umurongo kuri inverter na inverter kuri gride ihuza aho bishoboka hashobora gukurikizwa.
Muri rusange porogaramu, igihombo cyumurongo wa DC hagati yumurongo wa Photovoltaque na inverter ntirenza 5% yumubyigano wamashanyarazi, kandi igihombo cyumurongo wa AC hagati ya inverter na gride ihuza point ntirenza 2% yumubyigano usohoka.
Muburyo bwo gukora injeniyeri, formulaire yingirakamaro irashobora gukoreshwa: △ U = (I * L * 2) / (r * S)
U: insinga ya voltage yamanutse-V
I: umugozi ukeneye kwihanganira umugozi ntarengwa-A
L: gushiraho insinga z'uburebure-m
S: umugozi wambukiranya igice-mm2;
r: imiyoboro ya kiyobora-m / (Ω * mm2;), r umuringa = 57, r aluminium = 34
Mugihe ushyizeho insinga nyinshi-zingirakamaro mumigozi, igishushanyo gikeneye kwitondera ingingo
Mubikorwa nyabyo, urebye ibintu nkuburyo bwo gukoresha insinga nuburyo bwo kugabanya inzira, insinga za sisitemu yifotora, cyane cyane insinga za AC, zirashobora kugira insinga nyinshi-zibanze zashyizwe mumigozi.
Kurugero, muri sisitemu ntoya ifite ibyiciro bitatu, umurongo wa AC usohoka ukoresha "umurongo umwe imirongo ine" cyangwa "umurongo umwe utanu";muri sisitemu nini-nini ya sisitemu eshatu, umurongo usohoka AC ukoresha insinga nyinshi murwego rumwe aho kuba insinga imwe nini-nini ya diameter.
Mugihe insinga nyinshi zingirakamaro zishyizwe mumurongo, ubushobozi bwukuri bwo gutwara insinga buzahuzwa nigice runaka, kandi iki kibazo cyo kwitabwaho kigomba gusuzumwa mugitangira umushinga.
Uburyo bwo gushiraho insinga
Igiciro cyubwubatsi bwa kabili mumashanyarazi yo kubyara amashanyarazi muri rusange ni menshi, kandi guhitamo uburyo bwo gushira bigira ingaruka kumafaranga yo kubaka.
Kubwibyo, guteganya gushyira mu gaciro no guhitamo neza uburyo bwo gushyira insinga ni amahuza yingenzi mubikorwa byo gushushanya insinga.
Uburyo bwo gushyira insinga burasuzumwa neza hashingiwe kumiterere yumushinga, ibidukikije, imiterere ya kabili, icyitegererezo, ubwinshi nibindi bintu, kandi byatoranijwe ukurikije ibisabwa mubikorwa byizewe no kubitaho byoroshye hamwe nihame rya tekiniki nubukungu bushyira mu gaciro.
Gushyira insinga za DC mumushinga wo kubyara amashanyarazi bifotora cyane harimo gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye n'umucanga n'amatafari, kurambika mu miyoboro, kurambika mu nkono, kurambika mu miyoboro ya kabili, kurambika muri tunel, n'ibindi.
Gushyira insinga za AC ntaho bitandukaniye cyane nuburyo bwo gushyiraho sisitemu rusange.
Umugozi wa DC ukoreshwa cyane hagati ya moderi ya Photovoltaque, hagati yumugozi na DC ikomatanya, no hagati yisanduku ya inverter.
Bafite uduce duto twambukiranya ibice kandi byinshi.Mubisanzwe, insinga zahambiriwe ku murongo wa module cyangwa zashyizwe mu miyoboro.Mugihe cyo gushyira, hagomba gusuzumwa ibi bikurikira:
Kugirango uhuze insinga hagati ya module no guhuza insinga hagati yimigozi nudusanduku twa kombineri, imirongo ya module igomba gukoreshwa nkumuyoboro woguhuza no gukosora umurongo wa kabili bishoboka, bishobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nibidukikije kurwego runaka.
Imbaraga zo gushyira insinga zigomba kuba zimwe kandi zikwiye, kandi ntizigomba gukomera.Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yijoro na nijoro ahantu hafotora amashanyarazi ni nini, kandi kwaguka kwinshi no kugabanuka bigomba kwirindwa kugirango wirinde insinga.
Umugozi wibikoresho bya Photovoltaque biganisha hejuru yinyubako bigomba kuzirikana ubwiza rusange bwinyubako.
Umwanya wo kurambika ugomba kwirinda gushyira insinga kumpande zikarishye zinkuta n’imirongo kugirango wirinde gukata no gusya urwego rwabigenewe kugirango utere imiyoboro migufi, cyangwa imbaraga zo kogosha guca insinga no gutera imiyoboro ifunguye.
Mugihe kimwe, ibibazo nkumurabyo utaziguye kumurongo wa kabili bigomba gusuzumwa.
Tegura neza inzira yo gushyiramo umugozi, kugabanya kwambuka, no guhuza gushyiramo ibishoboka byose kugirango ugabanye ubutaka hamwe nikoreshwa rya kabili mugihe cyo kubaka umushinga.
Umugozi wa Photovoltaque igiciro cyamakuru
Igiciro cyinsinga zifotora zujuje ibyangombwa DC ku isoko kuri ubu ziratandukanye ukurikije agace kambukiranya hamwe nubunini bwubuguzi.
Mubyongeyeho, ikiguzi cyumugozi kijyanye nigishushanyo cya sitasiyo.Ibikoresho byateguwe neza birashobora kubika ikoreshwa rya insinga za DC.
Muri rusange, ikiguzi cy'insinga za Photovoltaque kiri hagati ya 0.12 na 0.25 / W.Niba birenze cyane, birashobora kuba ngombwa kugenzura niba igishushanyo cyumvikana cyangwa niba insinga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa kubwimpamvu zidasanzwe.
Incamake
Nubwo insinga za Photovoltaque ari agace gato ka sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, ntabwo byoroshye nkuko byatekerejweho guhitamo insinga zibereye kugirango habeho impanuka nke zumushinga, kuzamura ubwizerwe bwamashanyarazi, no koroshya kubaka, gukora no kubungabunga.Nizere ko intangiriro yiyi ngingo ishobora kuguha inkunga zingirakamaro mugushushanya no guhitamo.
Nyamuneka nyamuneka twandikire kugirango umenye andi makuru yerekeye insinga z'izuba.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-19-2024
